Stresses in a half space due to Newtonian gravitation

An efficient general solution is obtained for the problem of the elastic half space z > 0 with a traction-free surface experiencing gravitational attraction to an arbitrarily shaped body located in z < 0. Many components of the stress field can be written down immediately if the potential of the attracting body is known. Results are given for the case of attraction to a uniform sphere.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/42687/1/10659_2005_Article_4105.pd

Radiocarbon Date List X: Baffin Bay, Baffin Island, Iceland, Labrador Sea, and the Northern North Atlantic

Date List X contains an annotated listing of 213 radiocarbon dates determined on samples from marine and terrestrial environments. The marine samples were collected from the East Greenland, Iceland, Spitzbergen, and Norwegian margins, Baffin Bay, and Labrador Sea. The terrestrial samples were collected from Vestfirdir, Iceland and Baffin Island. The samples were submitted by INSTAAR and researchers affiliated with INSTAAR\u27s Micropaleontology Laboratory under the direction of Dr.’s John T. Andrews and Anne E. Jennings. All of the dates from marine sediment cores were determined from either shells or foraminifera (both benthic and planktic). All dates were obtained by the Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) method. Regions of concentrated marine research include: Baffin Bay, Baffin Island, Labrador Sea, East Greenland fjords, shelf and slope, Denmark Strait, the southwestern and northwestern Iceland shelves, and Vestfirdir, Iceland. The non-marine radiocarbon dates are from peat, wood, plant microfossils, and mollusc. The radiocarbon dates have been used to address a variety of research objectives such as: 1. determining the timing of northern hemisphere high latitude environmental changes including glacier advance and retreat, and 2. assessing the accuracy of a fluctuating reservoir correction. Thus, most of the dates constrain the timing, rate, and interaction of late Quaternary paleoenvironmental fluctuations in sea level, glacier extent, sediment input, and changes in ocean circulation patterns. Where significant, stratigraphic and sample contexts are presented for each core to document the basis for interpretations

Spherical Model in a Random Field

We investigate the properties of the Gibbs states and thermodynamic observables of the spherical model in a random field. We show that on the low-temperature critical line the magnetization of the model is not a self-averaging observable, but it self-averages conditionally. We also show that an arbitrarily weak homogeneous boundary field dominates over fluctuations of the random field once the model transits into a ferromagnetic phase. As a result, a homogeneous boundary field restores the conventional self-averaging of thermodynamic observables, like the magnetization and the susceptibility. We also investigate the effective field created at the sites of the lattice by the random field, and show that at the critical temperature of the spherical model the effective field undergoes a transition into a phase with long-range correlations $\sim r^{4-d}$.Comment: 29 page

High Precision Mass Measurements in Ψ\Psi and Υ\Upsilon Families Revisited

High precision mass measurements in $\Psi$ and $\Upsilon$ families performed in 1980-1984 at the VEPP-4 collider with OLYA and MD-1 detectors are revisited. The corrections for the new value of the electron mass are presented. The effect of the updated radiative corrections has been calculated for the $J/\Psi(1S)$ and $\Psi(2S)$ mass measurements.Comment: 5 pages, 1 table, submitted to Phys. Lett.

Some polynomial solutions for the non-axisymmetric Boussinesq problem

Solutions to the Boussinesq problem for the circular punch without axial symmetry can be obtained from corresponding axisymmetric solutions by parametric differentiation. The method is applied to the problem of the tilted flat punch, originally solved by Green, and to the indentation of a cylindrical surface by a flat circular punch.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/42671/1/10659_2004_Article_BF00041668.pd

Early stage morphology of quench condensed Ag, Pb and Pb/Ag hybrid films

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) has been used to study the morphology of Ag, Pb and Pb/Ag bilayer films fabricated by quench condensation of the elements onto cold (T=77K), inert and atomically flat Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG) substrates. All films are thinner than 10 nm and show a granular structure that is consistent with earlier studies of QC films. The average lateral diameter, $\bar {2r}$, of the Ag grains, however, depends on whether the Ag is deposited directly on HOPG ($\bar {2r}$ = 13 nm) or on a Pb film consisting of a single layer of Pb grains ($\bar {2r}$ = 26.8 nm). In addition, the critical thickness for electrical conduction ($d_{G}$) of Pb/Ag films on inert glass substrates is substantially larger than for pure Ag films. These results are evidence that the structure of the underlying substrate exerts an influence on the size of the grains in QC films. We propose a qualitative explanation for this previously unencountered phenomenon.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures and one tabl

Dietary choline and betaine intakes and risk of total and lethal prostate cancer in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Purpose: Two prior cohort studies suggested that choline, but not betaine intake, is associated with an increased risk of advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Given that evidence remains limited, we evaluated whether intakes of choline and derivative betaine are associated with total and lethal PCa risk and PCa death in men with PCa. Methods: We included 6,528 men (24.4% African American) without a cancer diagnosis at baseline (1987–1989) followed through 2012. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire coupled with a nutrient database. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazards ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of total and lethal PCa risk overall and by race. Results: Choline intake was not associated with total (n = 811) or lethal (n = 95) PCa risk overall or by race. Betaine intake was inversely associated with lethal (tertile 3 vs 1, HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.35–1.00, p trend = 0.04), but not total PCa risk; patterns for lethal PCa were similar by race. Neither nutrient was associated with PCa death in men with PCa. Conclusions: Choline intake was not associated with total or lethal PCa or with PCa death in men with PCa. Betaine intake was inversely associated with lethal, but not total PCa risk or with PCa death in men with PCa. Our results do not support the hypothesis that higher choline intake increases lethal PCa risk, but do suggest that higher betaine intake may be associated with lower lethal PCa risk. Further investigation with a larger number of lethal cases is needed

The effects of an experimental programme to support students’ autonomy on the overt behaviours of physical education teachers

Although the benefits of autonomy supportive behaviours are now well established in the literature, very few studies have attempted to train teachers to offer a greater autonomy support to their students. In fact, none of these studies has been carried out in physical education (PE). The purpose of this study is to test the effects of an autonomy-supportive training on overt behaviours of teaching among PE teachers. The experimental group included two PE teachers who were first educated on the benefits of an autonomy supportive style and then followed an individualised guidance programme during the 8 lessons of a teaching cycle. Their behaviours were observed and rated along 3 categories (i.e., autonomy supportive, neutral and controlling) and were subsequently compared to those of three teachers who formed the control condition. The results showed that teachers in the experimental group used more autonomy supportive and neutral behaviours than those in the control group, but no difference emerged in relation to controlling behaviours. We discuss the implications for schools of our findings

Ethnic and gender differences in applicants' decision-making processes: An application of the theory of reasoned action

Contains fulltext : 54483.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)11 p

The exposure of the hybrid detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Pierre Auger Observatory is a detector for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. It consists of a surface array to measure secondary particles at ground level and a fluorescence detector to measure the development of air showers in the atmosphere above the array. The "hybrid" detection mode combines the information from the two subsystems. We describe the determination of the hybrid exposure for events observed by the fluorescence telescopes in coincidence with at least one water-Cherenkov detector of the surface array. A detailed knowledge of the time dependence of the detection operations is crucial for an accurate evaluation of the exposure. We discuss the relevance of monitoring data collected during operations, such as the status of the fluorescence detector, background light and atmospheric conditions, that are used in both simulation and reconstruction.Comment: Paper accepted by Astroparticle Physic